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Introduction

I believe prime numbers are important in understanding how spherical waves of electromagnetic and gravitational energy superimpose to create "Balls-of-Light."

What are Prime Numbers?

Prime numbers have a mathematical definition. A definition may or may not make sense to everyone. I do not agree with the classical definition of time, so I have redefined it with the "Speed-of-Light Definition of Time." I do not agree with the classical definition for prime numbers either.

Let's do a quick review on prime numbers. Start with a positive whole number like 24. What numbers divide exactly into it? The answer is: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24. These numbers are the factors of 24. The number "24" has 8 factors. Every number has "1" and itself as factors. Mathematicians do not think these factors are very interesting -- calling them "trivial." The other numbers -- 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 -- in our example are called "proper factors." If a number has no proper factors -- like 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13 -- then the number is called a "prime number."

Is the number "1" a Prime Number?

No the number "1" is not a prime number -- by definition. Strictly speaking the number 1 could be considered a prime number and once was. According to John Derbyshire in his great book, "Prime Obsession" -- on page 33 -- "The last mathematician of any importance who did seems to have been Henri Lebesgue, in 1899." I am not concerned with a mathematician's definition of prime, because, for me, the real importance is how prime numbers related to electromagnetic and gravitational waves on a ball-of-light, and the number 1 is of obvious importance. Therefore with respect to "1", I include it whenever I speak of prime numbers.

Henri Lebesgue's book Prime Obsession

Henri Lebesgue's book Prime Obsession covers the Riemann Hypothesis and the Prime Number Theorem developed by the great mathematician Bernhard Riemann. On page 295 of Lebesgue's book he asks, "The non-trivial zeros of Riemann's zeta function arise from inquiries into the distribution of prime numbers. The eigenvalues of a random Hermitian matrix arise from inquiries into the behavior of systems of subatomic particles under the laws of quantum mechanics. What on earth does the distribution of prime numbers have to do with the behavior of subatomic particles?" Well, to me, there has always been an intuitive link. I hope I can clearly lead you through what I visualize. In short, I believe the prime numbers related to stable forms of balls-of-light -- they represent particles.

(See also Harmonic Patterns, Balls-of-Light, Platonic Spheres, Hexahedral, Dodecahedral, Octahedral, Hexahedral, and Icosahedral)